运动引起的微生物多样性变化能够改善组织代谢，心肺适应性和胰岛素抵抗

Muhammad U Sohail

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex and diverse microbial composition that outnumbers our own body cells and their gene contents.这些微生物在宿主代谢和能量稳态中起着重要作用。新兴证据表明GIT微生物组符号异常促进宿主健康，而微生物组的损害可能会导致代谢疾病的发展。微生物组结构由几个遗传和环境因素（包括营养和体育锻炼）塑造。体育锻炼在呼吸道，心血管，神经内分泌和肌肉疾病中具有预防或治疗作用。但是，我们仍然几乎没有关于体育锻炼对GIT健康和微生物组成的有益影响的信息。 Furthermore, we are not aware whether exercise-derived benefits on microbiome diversity can beneficially influence other tissues and body organs.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to review the available literature on exercise-induced microbiome changes and to explain how these changes may induce inflammatory, immune, and oxidative responses that可能有助于改善代谢疾病。

方法： 在2018年秋季和2019年秋季进行了使用Medline和Google Scholar数据库对相关文献进行系统的全面搜索。该搜索确定了62个研究和审查文章，讨论了锻炼诱导的锻炼诱导的微观组变化。 对相关文献的综述表明，运动引起的微生物变化会影响宿主的免疫途径并改善能量稳态。 Microbes release certain neuroendocrine and immune-modulatory factors that may lower inflammatory and oxidative stress and relieve patients suffering from metabolic disorders.

CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced changes in microbial diversity are able to improve tissue metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin电阻。